The .NET Platform is a set of technologies designed to transform the Internet into a full-scale distributed computing platform. It provides new ways to build applications from collections of XML Web services. The .NET Platform fully supports the existing Internet infrastructure (HTTP, XML, SOAP).
The .NET Framework class library is a library consisting of namespaces, classes, interfaces, and datatypes included in the .NET Framework. This library is organized into namespaces that contain functionally related groups of classes. These namespaces are divided among different categories, such as data access, common types, debugging, file access, network communication, security, Windows applications, Web applications, Web services, XML data etc. Following are some important namespaces that are defined in the .NET Framework class library:
| Namespaces | Description |
| System | This namespace includes all common datatypes, string values, arrays, methods for data conversion, and methods related to mathematical operations. |
| System.Data, System.Data.Common, System.Data.OleDb, System.Data.SqlClient, System.Data.SqlTypes | These namespaces are used to access a database, perform commands on a database, and retrieve and manipulate a database. |
| System.IO, System.DirectoryServices, System.IO.IsolatedStorage | These namespaces are used to access, read, and write files, and retrieve file paths. |
| System.Diagnostics | This namespace is used to debug and trace the execution of an application. |
| System.Net, System.Net.Sockets | These namespaces are used to communicate over the Internet when creating peer-to-peer applications. |
| System.Windows.Forms, System.Windows.Forms.Design | These namespaces are used to create Windows-based applications using Windows user interface components. |
| System.Web, System.WebCaching, System.Web.UI, System.Web.UI.Design, System.Web.UI.WebControls, System.Web.UI.HtmlControls, System.Web.Configuration, System.Web.Hosting, System.Web.Mail, System.Web.SessionState | These namespaces are used to create ASP.NET Web applications that execute over the Internet. |
| System.Web.Services, System.Web.Services.Description, System.Web.Services.Configuration, System.Web.Services.Discovery, System.Web.Services.Protocols | These namespaces are used to create XML Web services and components that can be published over the Internet. |
| System.Security, System.Security.Permissions, System.Security.Policy, System.WebSecurity, System.Security.Cryptography | These namespaces are used for authentication, authorization, and encryption. |
| System.Xml, System.Xml.Schema, System.Xml.Serialization, System.Xml.XPath, System.Xml.Xsl | These namespaces are used to create and access XML files. |
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The .NET Framework offers support for a number of programming languages. C# is the programming language exclusively designed for the .NET Platform, although C++ and Visual Basic have also been upgraded to completely support the .NET Framework.
C# was exclusively designed for the .NET Platform. It is the first modern component oriented language in the C and C++ family unit. It can also be embedded in ASP.NET pages very easily. A number of significant features of CSHARP (C#) language include classes, interfaces, delegates, boxing and unboxing, operator overloading, namespaces, properties, indexers, events, versioning, attributes, unsafe code, and XML documentation production. It does not require any header or Interface Definition Language (IDL) files.
The Managed C++ is a minimal expansion to the C++ language. It provides right to use the .NET Framework that includes garbage collection, single-implementation inheritance, and multiple-interface inheritance. This upgrade furthermore eliminates the need to write measuring code for components. It provides low-level access wherever handy.
Visual Basic .NET offers extensive language innovations larger than earlier versions of VB. It supports inheritance, constructors, polymorphism, constructor overloading, structured exceptions, stricter type checking, free threading, and a lot of other features. It has only one form of assignment i.e. no Let or Set methods. It also has the new Rapid Application Development (RAD) features, such as XML Designer, Server Explorer, and Web Forms designer from Visual Studio .NET. This version also includes Visual Basic Scripting Edition that provides packed Visual Basic functionality.
JScript .NET is rewritten to be completely .NET attentive. It provides support for classes, inheritance, types, and compilation. It also provides improved performance and productivity features. JScript .NET is moreover incorporated with Visual Studio .NET. Therefore, you can get advantage of whichever .NET Framework class in JScript .NET.
Visual J# .NET is a development tool for Java developers who would like to build applications and services on the .NET Framework. It is completely .NET attentive and comprises tools to robotically upgrade and change existing Visual J++ 6.0 projects and solutions to the new Visual Studio .NET system. Visual J# .NET is component of the Java User Migration Path to Microsoft .NET (JUMP to .NET) approach.
Several third-party languages are supporting the .NET Platform. Some of those languages comprise APL, COBOL, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon, Perl, Python, Scheme, Smalltalk, etc.
The NET Framework was designed to meet up the following goals:
Based on Web standards and practices
The .NET Framework copious supports the existing Internet technologies, including HTML, XML, SOAP, Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT), XML Path Language (XPath), and other Web standards. The .NET Framework errands loosely coupled, stateless XML Web services.
The .NET Framework is a set of technologies that outline an integral part of the Microsoft .NET Platform. It provides the fundamental building blocks for developing Web applications and XML Web services. This will be of assistance you to:
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The .NET Framework
The .NET Framework offers the essential compile-time and run-time basis to build and run .NET-based applications.
Platform Substrate
The .NET Framework should run on an operating system. At present, the .NET Framework is built to run on the Microsoft Win32® operating systems. In the upcoming, the .NET Framework will be extended to run on other platforms, such as Microsoft Windows® CE.
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Application Services
Interoperability
As interaction between new and older applications is generally required, the .NET Framework provides ways to access functionality that is implemented in programs execute outside the .NET environment. Access to COM components is provided in the System.Runtime.InteropServices and System.EnterpriseServices namespaces of the .NET Framework. Access to other functionality is provided using the Platform Invocation Services (P/Invoke) feature.
Common Runtime Engine
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of the .NET Framework. All .NET programs execute under the administration of the CLR, promising assured properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and exception handling.
Language Independence
The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System (CTS). It specifically defines all possible datatypes and programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they might or might not interact with each other. For the reason that of this feature, the .NET Framework supports the exchange of instances of types between programs written in any of the .NET languages.
Base Class Library
The Base Class Library (BCL) is part of the Framework Class Library (FCL), is a library of functionality available to all languages using the .NET Framework. The BCL provides classes, which encapsulate a number of common functions, including file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation.
Simplified Deployment
The .NET Framework comprises design features and tools that assist manage the installation of computer software to make sure that it does not get in the way with previously installed software, and that it conforms to security requirements.
Security
The design is intended to address some of the vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows that have been exploited by malicious software. Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all applications.
Portability
The design of the .NET Framework allows it to hypothetically be platform agnostic, and thus cross-platform compatible. As a program written to use the framework should run without change on any type of system for which the framework is implemented. Microsoft’s commercial implementations of the framework cover Windows, Windows CE, and the Xbox 360. In addition, Microsoft submits the specifications for the Common Language Infrastructure (which includes the core class libraries, Common Type System, and the Common Intermediate Language), the C# language, and the C++/CLI language to both ECMA and the ISO, making them available as open standards. This composes it achievable for third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and its languages on other platforms.
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